COPY RIGHT, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY   PROFESSOR, DOCTOR, PT PAPPAS, 20/2/2012. IN PART OR IN WHOLE OR ITS ESSENCE MIGHT BE REPRODUCED, PROVIDED REFERENCE IS MADE TO THE PRESENT AND TO ITS AUTHOR.

STAR GENESIS

SEE ALSO (4.17301)
IDEAL FREE ENERGY OSCILLATOR, AND
PULSARS
GRAVITATIONAL FIASCO FOR GENERAL RELATIVITY,
RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS FOR ENERGY NON CONSERVATION, BASED ON VERIFIED PHYSICAL LAWS, (COMBINATION OF WHICH CAUSES ENERGY CREATION, PROOF OF NON CONSERVATION OF ENERGY)

 

ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ ΦΩΤΟΝΙΟΥ
energy of photon
Ε=hv

ΙΣΟΔΥΝΑΜΟΣ ΜΑΖΑ ΦΩΤΟΝΙΟΥ
equivalent mass of photon
 E=mc2, m0=hv0/c2

ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΟ ΕΡΓΟ  W ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑΣ ΦΩΤΟΝΙΟΥ ΚΑΤΑ ΚΑΤΑΚΟΡΥΦΟ ΥΨΟΣ ΔX:
needed work W for transport of height ΔX:
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-Rebka_experiment of 1959.):

The detector at the bottom sees a superposition of the two effects. The Emitter was moved vertically and the speed was varied until the two effects cancelled each other, a phenomenon detected by reaching resonance. Mathematically:

\sqrt{\frac{1-v/c}{1+v/c}\cdot\frac{1-\dfrac{2GM}{(R+h)c^2}}{1-\dfrac{2GM}{Rc^2}}}=1.

In the case of the Pound–Rebka experiment h\ll R. Therefore:

v \approx \frac {gh}{c} = 7.5×10−7 m/s

In the more general case when h ≈ R the above is no longer true. The energy associated with gravitational redshift over a distance of 22.5 meters is very small. The fractional change in energy is given by δE/E, is equal to gh/c2 = 2.5×10−15. Therefore short wavelength high energy photons are required to detect such minute differences. The 14 keV gamma rays emitted by iron-57 when it transitions to its base state proved to be sufficient for this experiment.

 


W=hΔν=m0gΔx, 

hΔν=m0gΔx=hv0/c2.gΔx , since m0=E/c2=hv0/c2

Δν=v0/c2.gΔx

Δν/v0=1/c2.gΔx

hΔν/hv0=1/c2.gΔx

FOR PHOTONIC ENERGY CREATION:

ΔE/E0=1/c2.gΔx

based on:

\int {1 \over x}\,dx = \ln|x| + \begin{cases} A & \text{if }x>0; \\ B & \text{if }x < 0. \end{cases}        ln\E\=INT0R(1/c2.gdx)+ln\E0\

FOR MECHANICAL ROTATIONAL, TRANSPORT. ELECTRICAL  etc.. ENERGY:

ΔE/E0=0

see below

Δν/v0=1/c2.gΔx=1/9.1016.10Δx=10-18 Δx= ΣΧΕΤΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΚΛΙΣΗ,
relevant deviation, practical zero, non observable,
 ΠΡΑΚΤΙΚΑ ΜΗΔΕΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΗ ΜΕΤΡΙΣΙΜΗ, ΔΙΑ ΚΑΘΕ ΤΡΕΧΟΝ ΓΑΛΛΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Δx,
for every linear French meter Δx ,
ΔΙΟΤΙ ΞΕΦΕΥΓΕΙ ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΟΡΙΑ
for exceeds the limits
 ΔΥΝΑΤΟΤΗΤΩΝ ΤΗΣ ΣΗΜΕΡΙΝΗΣ

of capability of today's
 ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΓΙΑ ΝΑ ΜΕΤΡΗΣΕΙ ΑΜΕΣΑ.
technology to directly observe.
 

ΨΕΜΑ ΤΩΝ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΚΤΩΝ ΤΗΣ Γ.Θ.Σ.
lies of supporters of GR.

ΠΟΥ ΥΠΟΣΤΗΡΙΖΕΙ ΟΤΙ ΜΟΝΟ ΤΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΙΚΑ ΑΥΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΘΕΩΡΙΑΣ ΑΠΟΔΕΙΚΝΥΕΤΑΙ Η ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΩ ΕΡΥΘΡΑ 'Η ΜΠΛΕ ΜΕΤΑΤΟΠΙΣΗ, ΣΥΝΕΠΕΙΑ ΒΑΡΥΤΙΚΟΥ ΠΕΔΙΟΥ.


 ΔΙΑ ΑΣΤΡΟΝΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΚΛΙΜΑΚΕΣ:
for astronomical scale:
dν/v0=1/c2.gdx, με g=GM/r2 , ΑΡΑ
therefore
dν/v0=1/c2.GM/r2.dx ΑΡΑ
therefore

for the distance starting SUN to EARTH,
the integral is:

Δν/v0=-1/c2.GM/r =(-1/9.10-16).6.674.10-11.M/r =

-10-17.6.674.10-11.1,9891 × 1030 kg/1,392×10-9 m = περιπου -approximately-

-10-7    ΠΡΑΓΜΑΤΙ (-17-11-6-3+30)=-7.  
 indeed.
 

 

ME
with
(ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΗΛΙΟ ΜΑΣ)
(for our sun)
MKS UNITS:
G=6.674.10-11, r = 1,392×106×103m, M=1,9891×1030 kgr 
Equatorial radius 6.955×105 km, Mean distance from Earth 1.496×108 km, sun's g on the distance of earth =GM/r2=10-11x1030x10-22x6.674x1.9892/2=approximately=6.67x10-3 m/s2=10-5g of surface on earth!

 ln\E\=INT0R(1/c2.gdx)+ln\E0\

ln\E/E0\=INT0R(1/c2.gdx)

E/E0=EXP(INT0R1/c2.gdx)

EXP(1/c2.gINT0R dx)=EXP(1/c2.g.R)=EXP(1/9.10-16.270.6.955.108)=EXP(1877.85.109)=  
2,718281,87785.1012=which makes every computer to over flow!,

10x=2,71828,  xlog10=log2,71828

x=log2,71828=0,43429, therefore,

E=E0. 10(0,43429.1,18775.1012)

ENERGY E IN ONE COMPLETE ENERGY CYCLE, ASSUMING NO ENERGY ESCAPES AWAY FROM THE GLOBE OF THE SUN, REACHING BACK ENERGY E0 IN THE CENTER WITH A TIME DELAY T AND A PHASE DIFFERENCE Φ=2π.

The above dependence of the produced energy, on the existing energy in a star, and whether this energy may or may not escape the globe of the star, indicates that the star's activity may oscillate, as it happens for the sun with period of 11 years and for the most of the stars, with especially, otherwise, unexplained variation of brightness of natural or artificial pulsar stars.
IDEAL SELF ENERGIZED  
OSCILLATOR
See NASA'S site (SETI) http://openseti.org/OSPulsars.html and my friend PAUL'S site  http://starburstfound.org/seti2blog/ and below.

click here for proof of oscillations   

Star name, Solar masses
(Sun = 1) R136a1 [1] 265–320 WR 101e 150–160 HD 269810 150 Peony Nebula Star 150 LBV 1806-20 130–200 HD 93129 A + B[2][3] A=120–127, B=80 HD 93250 118 NGC 3603-A1 A=116, B=89 Pismis 24-1 A + B[4][5] A=100–120, B=100 Arches cluster[6][7][8] Many stars, 100–130 Pismis 24-17[5] 100 Hineliun 100 S Doradus 100 Eta Carinae[9] 90–100 Cygnus OB2-12 92 WR20 a + b[10] A=83, B=82 The Pistol Star 80–150 Melnick 42[11][12][13] 80–100 HD 97950[14][15] 80 Sk-71 51[16] 80 R 126 70 Companion to M33 X-7[17] 70 LY Aurigae 64 LH54-425 A + B[18] A=62, B=37 Var 83 in M33[19] 60–85 Sher 25 in NGC 3603[20] 60 Zeta-1 Scorpii[21] 60 Zeta Puppis[22] 59 WR22[23] 55–74 Plaskett A + B[24][25] A=43, B=51 AG Carinae 50 WR102c[26] 45–55 IRS-8*[27] 44.5 HD 5980 A + B[28][29][30] A=40–62, B=30 DL Crucis 40–50 Epsilon Orionis 40 HD 148937[31][32] 40 IRAS 05423-7120[16] 40 Rho Cassiopeiae 40 RW Cephei 40 Theta1 Orionis C 40 Xi Persei[33] 40 V382 Carinae 39 Companion to NGC300 X-1[34] 38 Cluster R136a 12 stars, all 37–76 Chi2 Orionis[35] 35–40 Companion to IC10 X-1[36] 35 Nu Aquilae 30-45 VY Canis Majoris[37][38] 30–40 19 Cephei 30–35 Gamma Velorum A 30 P Cygni 30 R 66 30 Eta Canis Majoris 30 Zeta Orionis 28 IRS 15[39] 26 VV Cephei 25–40 Alpha Camelopardalis[40][41] 25–30 6 Cassiopeiae[42][43] 25 EZ Canis Majoris 25 KY Cygni[44] 25 Mu Cephei 25 V509 Cassiopeiae 25 NGC 7538 S[45] 20–40 S Monocerotis A[46] 18–30 WR47 8–48

H ΑΠΟΚΛΙΣΗ -10-7,  ΒΓΑΛΜΕΝΗ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΚΛΑΣΣΙΚΗ
the deviation -10-7, derived by classical physics, without GR, that should be observable
 ΦΥΣΙΚΗ, ΟΧΙ ΤΗΝ ΓΘΣ ΠΟΥ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΙΤΑΙ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΕΙΤΑΙ,
 and it is observred
  ΦΑΒΑ ΤΗΣ ΓΘΣ.
scam of GR.

ΓΕΝΙΚΗ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΟΤΗΣ

for GR

ν1 = ν2 ( 1+gx/c2 ) ,   ν1-ν2  =ν2gx/c2 το ιδιο με το δικο μας παραπανω: 
identical to our result above

                                                                      Δν=v0/c2.gx

ν1 =ν2( 1+φ/c2 )

The schematics 4, 5 to be added below

schematic 1

v2>v1, due to the existing gravity of the celestial body, meaning that the Energy of the E/M radiation, arriving at the receiver, is grater, than the Energy of the E/M emitted at the emitter, (click below, to see the experiment, confirming the change of frequency in gravitational field)  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound-Rebka_experiment of 1959.
Never, the less, the Energy going back MECHANICALLY (ROTATIONALLY) IS UNCHANGED, except some energy only changes at the beginning to deformation. THEREFORE, THE TOTAL ENERGY OF THE CLOSED LOOP IS CONSTANTLY INCREASING, UNLESS, SOME OF IT ESCAPES AWAY, LIKE IN A STAR SOME ENERGY ESCAPES AWAY, FOR EXAMPLE, FROM OUR SUN, A SMALL PART OF ENERGY CONSTANTLY ESCAPES AWAY.

ΜΕΘΟΔΟΙ ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑΣ ΘΕΡΜΟΤΗΤΟΣ,

Methods of heat transfer,  

 ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑΣ, ΑΚΤΙΝΟΒΟΛΙΑΣ,

by convection, radiation,

 ΑΓΩΓΙΜΟΤΗΤΟΣ. ΤΑ ΔΥΟ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΑ

conduction. The last two

 ΕΙΝΑΙ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΔΥΟ ΑΚΤΙΝΟΒΟΛΙΑΣ (ΑΠΟ

are both by radiation (from

 ΑΤΟΜΟ ΣΕ ΑΤΟΜΟ, ΓΙΑ ΤΙΣ ΔΥΟ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑΙΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ)

atom to atom, for the last two cases)

 ΑΡΑ ΚΑΤ' ΟΥΣΙΑΝ ΥΠΟΚΕΙΝΤΑΙ ΣΕ

Therefore they are subject to

 ΒΑΡΥΤΙΚΗ ΑΛΛΟΙΩΣΗ, ΕΝΩ ΔIA

gravitational alteration, however for

 ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΑΣ ΔΕΝ ΥΠΟΚΕΙΤΑΙ ΣΕ

convection is not subject to

 ΑΛΛΟΙΩΣΗ.

alteration.

ΣΕ ΑΥΤΟ ΣΥΝΙΣΤΑΤΑΙ ΤΟ ΘΕΩΡΗΜΑ Π.

This consists of the theorem of P.

 ΠΑΠΠΑΣ, ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑΣ KAI

Pappas, for the creation of energy and

ΜΑΖΗΣ ΣΤΑ ΑΣΤΡΙΚΑ ΣΩΜΑΤΑ.

mass in celestial bodies.

....PARTICULARLY, EVIDENT, IN THE NEED OF ASSUMING OF THE DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY, FOR THE INCREASE OF ENERGY AND MASS, IN STAR SCALE.

 

schematic 2, ENERGY MULTIPLIER AND EFFECTIVELY INCREASING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN EMITTER AND RECEIVER.  

SCHEMATIC 3. NATURAL ENERGY CREATION BY A VOLCANO.
HEAT IS FIRST MECHANICALLY TRANSPORTED UP, THEN IT IS RADIATED BACK OR EQUIVALENTLY CONDUCTED BACK (BACK RADIATED AND ABSORBED FROM TO ATOM BACK TO ITS ORIGIN), THUS, IT INCREASES LITTLE BY LITTLE BACK, AND EVENTUALLY MAKES THE VOLCANO TO EXPLODE.

 

 

 

We should also take into account, that g is thousands of times bigger inside a BIG celestial body, due to the increased gravity (in terms of pressure) in the interior. The assumed mean density of the earth is 5.5 gr/cm3, without being able to tell the actual inside peak value, that in the central point (center), reaching too big vales of million times. FOR EXAMPLE:

Artificial or Natural Neutron Stars, the Pulsars

Neutron Stars

A neutron star is about 20 km in diameter and has the mass of about 1.4 times that of our Sun. This means that a neutron star is so dense that on Earth, one teaspoonful would weigh a billion tons! Because of its small size and high density, a neutron star possesses a surface gravitational field about 2 x 1011 times that of Earth. Neutron stars can also have magnetic fields a million times stronger than the strongest magnetic fields produced on Earth.
Crab Pulsar "On"
Crab Pulsar "Off"

PHOTOGRAPHS 4

The, otherwise, unexplained variation of brightness of natural or artificial pulsar stars with strange intelligent modes, According to the ideas and the implied technology for super civilizations.
See NASA'S site (SETI) http://openseti.org/OSPulsars.html and my friend PAUL'S site  http://starburstfound.org/seti2blog, suggesting they are artificial beacons.

photograph of the Sun 5
OUR SUN, A STAR, A CELESTIAL BODY IN MELTED AND GAS FORM, A MIXTURE OF TRANSPORTED AND RADIATED HEAT AND LIGHT. AS A RESULT, THE CELESTIAL BODY IS PRIMARILY A  GENERATOR OF FREE ENERGY AND ITS  EQUIVALENT MASS. IT WILL END WITH AN EXPLOSION, THE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION OF A STAR.

schematic 6
THE ABOVE MECHANISM WORKS BEST FOR SUCH OVERHEATED BODY. WE MAY IMAGING, THAT EVERY RADIUS OF IT, IS A VOLCANO, TRANSFERRING MECHANICALLY HEAT TO THE SURFACE AND THE SAME TIME RADIATING THE HEAT BACK TO THE CENTER, ALONG THE RADIUS ITSELF. THE RADIUS TRANSPORTING HEAT O THE SURFACE AND RADIATING MORE HEAT BACK TO THE CENTER, INCREASES THE HEAT OF THE CENTER, BY TAKING LESS HEAT AWAY AND BRINGING BACK MORE.

Observational data for Sun

 Mean distance from Earth 1.496×108 km
8 min 19 s at light speed Visual brightness (V) −26.74 [1] Absolute magnitude 4.83 [1] Spectral classification G2V Metallicity Z = 0.0122[2] Angular size 31.6′ – 32.7′ [3] Adjectives solar Orbital characteristics Mean distance
from Milky Way core ~2.5×1017 km
26,000 light-years Galactic period (2.25–2.50)×108 a Velocity ~220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy)
~20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood)
~370 km/s[4] (relative to the cosmic microwave background) Physical characteristics Mean diameter 1.392×106 km [1]
109 × Earth Equatorial radius 6.955×105 km [5]
109 × Earth[5] Equatorial circumference 4.379×106 km [5]
109 × Earth[5] Flattening 9×10−6 Surface area 6.0877×1012 km2
 [5]
11,990 × Earth[5] Volume 1.412×1018 km3 [5]
1,300,000 × Earth Mass 1.9891×1030 kg[1]
333,000 × Earth[1] Average density 1.408×103 kg/m3 [1][5][6] Density Center (model): 1.622×105 kg/m3 [1]
Lower photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3
Lower chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3
Corona (avg.): 1×10−12 kg/m3 [7] Equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s2 [1]
27.94 g
28 × Earth[5] Escape velocity
(from the surface) 617.7 km/s [5]
55 × Earth[5] Temperature Center (modeled): ~1.57×107 K [1]
Photosphere (effective): 5,778 K [1]
Corona: ~5×106 K Luminosity (Lsol) 3.846×1026 W [1]
~3.75×1028 lm
~98 lm/W efficacy Mean Intensity (Isol) 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 Rotation characteristics Obliquity 7.25° [1]
(to the ecliptic)
67.23°
(to the galactic plane) Right ascension
of North pole[8] 286.13°
19h 4min 30s Declination
of North pole +63.87°
63°52' North Sidereal rotation period
(at equator) 25.05 days [1] (at 16° latitude) 25.38 days [1]
25d 9h 7min 12s [8] (at poles) 34.4 days [1] Rotation velocity
(at equator) 7.189×103 km/h [5] Photospheric composition (by mass) Hydrogen 73.46%[9] Helium 24.85% Oxygen 0.77% Carbon 0.29% Iron 0.16% Neon 0.12% Nitrogen 0.09% Silicon 0.07% Magnesium 0.05% Sulfur 0.04%